Which component of law primarily protects individual rights against government interference?

The component of law that primarily protects individual rights against government interference is constitutional law. Constitutional law encompasses the rules and principles found in a country's constitution, which outlines the framework of government and the rights and liberties of individuals.

This area of law is fundamentally designed to protect citizens from abuses of power by the state and to uphold individual freedoms such as freedom of speech, religion, and assembly. It serves as a check on governmental authority and ensures that individual rights are respected and upheld in the face of potential government overreach.

In contrast, criminal law generally pertains to offenses against the state and ensures public safety, while civil law deals with disputes between private parties and includes matters such as contracts and torts. Administrative law governs the activities of governmental agencies but is more focused on the regulation of government action rather than individual protections. Thus, constitutional law stands out as the key protector of individual rights against governmental interference.