What does the government's separation of powers involve?

The government's separation of powers is a foundational principle that divides government responsibilities into distinct branches to prevent any one branch from gaining too much power. This principle is often associated with the idea of checks and balances, where each branch of government—typically the legislative, executive, and judicial branches—has the ability to limit the powers of the others. This system ensures that power is distributed and that government operates fairly and effectively, protecting individual liberties and maintaining accountability.

In this context, the correct option highlights how separation of powers includes mechanisms that allow each branch to oversee and check the actions of the others. This creates a balance that supports democratic governance and prevents abuse of power, fostering an environment where the rights of citizens can be better protected.