Criminal law is divided into which two main categories?

Criminal law is indeed divided into two main categories: substantive and procedural. Substantive criminal law defines specific crimes and their associated penalties — it outlines what constitutes criminal behavior and the legal principles that govern these offenses. For example, substantive laws specify what actions are considered crimes (like theft, assault, or murder) and what the consequences may be, such as imprisonment or fines.

Procedural criminal law, on the other hand, establishes the processes and rules by which the criminal justice system operates. This includes rules regarding the conduct of investigations, the rights of the accused, the procedures for trials, and how evidence is presented in court. Procedural laws ensure that individuals receive fair treatment and that legal proceedings are conducted in an orderly and just manner.

Understanding the distinction between these two categories is crucial for anyone studying healthcare law and ethics, especially since legal issues often arise in healthcare contexts involving patient rights and criminal liability. This framework allows legal practitioners and scholars to address and navigate the complexities of criminal justice effectively.